Dairybiss is an eknfunded project to stimulate private dairy sector development in ethiopia, carried out by wageningen ur livestock research and partners in ethiopia and the netherlands. To ensure that afm1 levels could be detected among the aliquots taken during milk fermentation into ergo, a prior selection of farmers was made based on the type of feed provided to the cows. This category contains the list of exporters who export diary products from ethiopia. June 2015 14 aflatoxin contamination of milk and feeds in. These days there is rapid population growth and urbanization in the country. Pdf aflatoxin m1 in milk and dairy products, occurrence. Reproductive performance of indigenous and hf crossbred dairy cows in gondar, ethiopia. In ethiopia, a currently ongoing study has revealed high levels of contamination of dairy feeds with aflatoxins in.
Detection and determination of oxytetracycline and. Starting from 2015, this 3year project will establish a dairy business platform that initiates and follows activities in business development, capacity building, and business information. The study, having drawn a sample from 94 high agricultural potential woredas, with 304 villages, looked into the relationship between ownership of cows, consumption of dairy products by pre. Liquid milk and feed value chain analysis in wolmera district, ethiopia. Milk milk, with regard to aflatoxin, is a uniform sample of the farm environment and geographic regions milk is a reflective of a large sample of feedgrain used to monitor and verify feed and grain controls for aflatoxins are working screening of milk is advised in regions with elevated feedgrain risk raw milk qualification is. Impacts of technology adoption on the quality of milk from smallholder farms in wolayta, southern ethiopia r nebiyu, f beyene, y t giorgis, b kassa and f kass ethiopian institute of agricultural research, holeta centre, p. Effects of aflatoxin contamination of grains in ethiopia. The handling and safety of milk and milk people depend on its products.
Milk production performances of local and crossbred dairy cows in westgojam zone, amhara region, ethiopia melku muluye1 kefyalew alemayehu2 solomon gizaw3 1west gojam zone agricultural and rural development department, fentoselam, ethiopia, 2department of animal production and technology, college of agriculture and environmental sciences. Defatted sour milk obtained as a byproduct of traditional butter making from ergo ethiopian naturally fermented milk and a raw material for ayib ethiopian cottage cheese making. Afm1 in milk has been shown to decline as contaminated feed is withdrawn, with no traces of aflatoxin in milk being detected after 34 days of withdrawal 11, 12. Out of 15 dairy farmers in the study area near arogie gebeya, hawassa, ethiopia, only five farmers were purposively selected. Handling, processing and utilization of milk and milk. The level of contamination of aflatoxin in all samples were calculated based on the level of aflatoxin ethiopia dawit gizachew, barbara szonyi, azage tegegne, jean hanson and delia grace consultative workshop on milk quality addis ababa, ethiopia 2526 june 2015. Are the surroundings neat and clean, free from harbourages breeding areas. Scientists offer a natural, safe, and costeffective solution to prevent future contamination of maize by the killer aflatoxin to secure the food and income of millions of smallscale farmers in. Aflatoxin b1 and m1 contamination of animal feeds and milk. Passing of aflatoxins into meat and eggs is much, much less, so we are not so concerned about contamination in meat or eggs, although testing these products for aflatoxin levels would also be useful. It provides milk to various supermarkets and shops. Bacterial contaminations of raw cows milk consumed at.
This is the predominate aflatoxin found in milk aflatoxins can occur preharvest, in the field, or postharvest, due to delayed drying andor improper. Lactating mothers from lowincome settings are considered as a nutritionally vulnerable group. Dairy business information service and support project. Frequent pregnancies followed by lactation increase the health risk of mothers resulting in a high maternal mortality. Aflatoxin b1 afb1 is a highly toxic metabolite of aspegillus fungi that can contaminate animal feed. Assessment of feed resources, feeding practices and coping. Ilri the level of aflatoxin in dairy products in addis ababa area has no. The over all milk consumption in ethiopia is very low, even compared with other least developed african countries. Reproductive performance of indigenous and hf crossbred. Ethiopia has been a crossroads of human migrations in the last five thousand years since the lactase persistence genes are likely to have.
The singular phenomenon of the high transfer of aflatoxin b1 to the milkborne afm1 results from a preventive decontamination triggered by the animal. Impacts of technology adoption on the quality of milk from. Aflatoxin m1 has been detected in high concentration throughout subsaharan africa in cows milk and in human breast milk, putting infants at high risk. For this purpose, 100 milk samples from dairy farmers and ten. We test this hypothesis for the dairy sector in rural ethiopia, a context in which markets are very thin, ownconsumption shares are very high, and milk is an important source of animalbased proteins and micronutrients for young children. The milk samples were digested by the optimized microwave digestion method using hno 3 and h 2 o 2. Aflatoxin contamination of milk and dairy feeds in. Aflatoxins toxic secondary metabolites produced by. Feeding practices, nutritional status and associated.
Cows that consume afb1contaminated feed excrete aflatoxin m1 afm1 in their milk. Projected demand for milk in ethiopia 20112020 source. Due to the nursing process, mothers are subjected to nutritional stresses. This hepatic hydroxylated form of afb1 was originally called milk toxin. Mesfin belayneh plc is one of 32 registered dairyprocessing companies in ethiopia. Making kenyan maize safe from deadly aflatoxins kenya. Pdf breast milk composition in ethiopian and swedish. Aflatoxin contamination of milk and feeds in the greater addis ababa milk shed in ethiopia barbara szonyi, dawit gizachew, azage tegegne, jean hanson and delia grace i o. Ethiopia, especially amongst children under the age of five and pregnant and lactating women.
The contribution of camel milk to pastoralist livelihoods. Milk from cows not fed contaminated feed even for a few days is free of aflatoxin. To assess the feeding practices, nutritional status and associated factors. In order to quantify the achievements and the reduction in the rate of malnutrition as a result of nnp implementation, it was important to have a benchmark to compare the results with at a later date. Acronyms esap ethiopian society of animal production gmm share of gross marketing margin gmmp producers share of gross marketing margin iied international institute for e nvironment and development ilca international livestock c enter for africa. They present in the milk of lactating mammals which have consumed aflatoxin contaminated feed. Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the greater. Cows, missing milk markets and nutrition in rural ethiopia. Breast milk composition in ethiopian and swedish mothers. Detection and determination of oxytetracycline and penicillin g antibiotic residue levels in bovine bulk milk from nazareth dairy farms, ethiopia desalegne abebew 1 kelay belihu 2 and girma zewde 1wollo university, school of veterinary medicine, dessie, p. Domestically produced processed and packaged milk products emerged at scale only a decade or so ago in ethiopia, and long life milk was produced by an ethiopian firm for the first time in 20. There have been a couple of loads of milk dumped in south west indiana because of violative levels of aflatoxin. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify the amount of afm1 in raw cows milk and afb1 in dairy feed samples in the greater addis ababa milk shed using a value chain approach. Individuals who can digest milk are more likely to increase their chance of survival under these conditions.
Researcharticle reduction of aflatoxin m1 levels during ethiopian traditional fermented milk ergo production tsigeshiguteandalemayehup. Introduction though milk is a universal food item of pastoralists, its consumption has declined over time and subjected to season variations megersa et al. Aflatoxin b1 is the most toxic and the most prevalent yu, 2004. Aflatoxin mycotoxins which can be found in milk and are generally produced in. Reduce milk consumption in such dietary transition have shown negative effects on childrens dietary outcomes fratkin et al. Aflatoxin m1 contamination of milk in the greater addis. In siliguri the price is 26% cheaper than in addis ababa in manaus the price is 35% cheaper than in addis ababa in sulaymaniyah the price is 27% more expensive than in addis ababa in zhengzhou the price is. Productive performance of indigenous and hf crossbred.
Afm1 was also detected greater than the standard from milk and milk products in ethiopia. Aflatoxin level in dairy products in addis area has no. The crosssectional study by scientists from the international livestock research institute was carried out in the greater addis ababa milk shed between september 2014 and february 2015 in order to detect and quantify the levels of aflatoxin m1 in samples of raw cows milk and aflatoxin b1 in samples of dairy feed. Four field sites were selected, 3 in periurban areas near addis ababa, 1 in a rural area. Child nutrition, stunting, dairy production, ethiopia. The concentrations of cr, mn, co, ni, cu, zn, cd and pb were determined by flame atomic. Washe departmentofchemistry,hawassauniversity,pbox,hawass,ethiopia. Lri research brief n date ye ar ilri research brief 46 6 june 2015 14 introduction aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of aspergillus fungi. Therefore, an increasing population size and consumer income in the future is expected to increase liquid milk consumption. The annual per capita milk consumption was 1920 litres in 19931994 ilri 2000 and it has been reduced to 17 litres gebrewold et al 1998. You can even find a phenomenal fasting macchiato made with soy, or sunflower milk at tomoca, a family owned coffee roasting coffee company in addis ababa. It is virtually a sterile fluid when secreted into alveoli of udder.
Several researches show that afb1 is the most common aflatoxin in ethiopia from most commodities at a very much higher level. Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the greater addis ababa milk shed, ethiopia dawit gizachew, barbara szonyi, azage tegegne, jean hanson and delia grace consultative workshop on milk quality addis ababa, ethiopia 2526 june 2015 2. Afm1 has been shown to be hepatocarcinogenic at 50ppb in fischer male rats with the potency of 210% of that of afb1 and also induces low incidences of intestinal adenocarcinomas. A crosssectional study was carried out from march 20january 2014 in jigjiga city. In sudan, 95% of milk was contaminated with aflatoxin m 1 ranging between 220 and 6,800. The first reported case on aflatoxin m1 contamination was in ovine milk, after feeding contaminated feed with afb1. Milk is a compensatory part of daily diet especially for the expectant mothers as well as growing children. In ethiopia aflatoxins are detected from several crops especially from maize and groundnut.
The feeds are to be screened for fungi and mycotoxins and the milk samples for aflatoxin m 1. Milk consumption, nutrition and health in southern ethiopia. Download fulltext pdf aflatoxin m1 in milk and dairy products, occurrence and recent challenges. Fresh cows milk samples were collected from four dairy farms of arero, gololcha, odomike, and semero sites of borena zone, ethiopia and preserved in a deep freezer 20.
Aflatoxin analysis of dairy feeds and milk in the greater addis ababa milk shed, ethiopia dawit gizachew, barbara szonyi, azage tegegne, jean hanson and delia grace consultative workshop on milk quality addis ababa, ethiopia 2526 june 2015. Ethiopia has been subject to frequent droughts that contribute to famine. New ilri study finds high levels of aflatoxin in milk and. Dairy products still remain the most important animal component in ethiopian diets and include a wide variety of products. However, beyond this stage of production, microbial contamination might generally occur from different sources. Milk production performances of local and crossbred dairy. Determination of concentrations of selected heavy metals. Aflatoxin contamination of milk and dairy feeds in the. In ethiopia milk is for the growth of spoilage as well as pathogenic considered one of the oldest kind of food and so many microorganisms. The four times hydrated aflatoxinb1and b2 is converted to aflatoxin m1 and m2 respectively.
Samples of milk from various parts of the dairy were taken in the same time period as the supplying farm samples. B1 is the predominate form aflatoxin b1 when ingested by animals is converted to aflatoxin m1. There are 4 aflatoxins produced by fungus growth in grains. Ministry denies the study about high level of aflatoxin in milk. Analysis to ascertain the determination for aflatoxin. In rural areas, the markets for milk remain highly incomplete. Samples of feeds, forage, maize and milk were taken at the dairy farms supplying milk to the dairy whose milk was being evaluated. Dairy production is an important issue in ethiopias. Ownership of cows to tackle malnutrition in ethiopia by.
The 200lt milk supply they used to get from mama during the fasting season has now decreased to 80lt, in the same vein as etete and loni milk, which now have 50lt of milk available each. Another source indicate that even more than 82% of milk produced from cows is consumed or processed into butter at farm level geert westenbrink, dairy forum dec. Fao, 2011 a big part of milk is transformed into butter which can be seen in the table below. Dairy production in ethiopia biomedical journal of scientific. To link to this object, paste this link in email, im or document to embed this object, paste this html in website. Consumption pattern of milk and milk products in adaa.
722 1002 822 1247 1232 355 1139 1428 432 1440 1389 799 239 1286 219 5 242 1175 654 836 1271 1008 985 688 1159 1150 485 1290 510 317 100 686 138