Syncerus caffer clinical disease is rarely observed and following infection virus is persistently carried in the oesophagealpharyngeal area of the upper respiratory tract. African buffalo syncerus caffer caffer male with cattle egret. Buffalo are gregarious ungulates common throughout subsaharan africa. Comparative intradermal tuberculin testing of freeranging. African buffalo may be active throughout the day and night. Characterization of tuberculous lesions in naturally.
Bovine tuberculosis btb is endemic in african buffaloes syncerus caffer in some national parks in southern africa, whilst no studies have been conducted on btb on buffalo populations in zambia. African buffalo calves were captured from the livestock and wildlife interface area of the kafue basin in the dry season of august 2005 for the purpose to translocate to game ranches. Complete genome sequence analysis of over 140 footandmouth disease viruses isolated from freeliving african buffalo syncerus caffer in zimbabweoctober 2018 jemma wadsworth1, bruce bolt1, luca ferretti1, euan c. In this study, we assessed the genetic health of free ranging southern african cape buffalo populations syncerus caffer caffer and investigated the causal factors of their current genetic structure. Syncerus caffer african buffalo animal diversity web. This appears to be the first record of tuberculosis in the freeliving african cape buffalo, syncerus caffer caffer, sparrman. At capture, calves n48 were examined for the presence of eye infections by gently manipulating. Persistent infection of african buffalo syncerus caffer. They are typical example that gaur despite his immense power really seems to has quite thin almost gracile throat and neck in comparison with the buffalo. We report 2 cases of thelazia rhodesii infection in the african buffaloes, syncerus caffer, in zambia.
The complete genome sequence of the african buffalo. Osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton. The african cape buffalo is a key species in african savanna ecosystems due to its high contribution to the herbivore biomass. Tuberculosis pathology was studied on 19 african buffalo syncerus caffer from a herd in the hluhluweimfolozi park in south africa. In association with a study investigating the apparent decline of african buffalos syncerus caffer in ruaha national park, tanzania, 40 buffalos were screened for selected diseases. Condy veterinary research laboratory, po box 8101, causeway, salisbury, zimbabwe three virus isolations were made from a group of freeliving threemonthold afriean buffalo calves syncerus.
Bauer animal virus research institute, pirbright, woking, surrey j. Syncerus caffer sparrman, 1779 and ofdomestic cattle, bos primigenius f. Graduate thesis or dissertation stress physiology in free. It has become a species of relevance because of its role as a wildlife maintenance host for an array of infectious and zoonotic diseases some of which include corridor disease, footandmouth disease and bovine tuberculosis. Impact of season on seminal characteristics and endocrine status of adult free ranging african buffalo syncerus caffer. Syncerus caffer brachyceros are found in the sahelian savannah and gallery forests.
The chemical composition of milk from free ranging african buffalo syncerus caffer article pdf available in african journal of wildlife research 39apr 2009. Syncerus caffer caffer, the cape buffalo, is the typical subspecies, and the largest one, found in southern and east africa. While the buffalo were in the acute phase of the disease the susceptible contact cattle did. An emerging disease in the african buffalo syncerus caffer s. At capture, calves n48 were examined for the presence of eye infections by gently manipulating the orbital. The african buffalo syncerus caffer, a mammal species whose population is declining, can play a role as a reservoir or carrier of a wide number of arthropodborne pathogens. Molecular detection of bartonella species and haemoplasmas.
Syncerus caffer nanus are found in rainforest regions with annual precipitation of at least 1500 mm. Isolation and characterisation of bovine adenoviruses. It is the largest buffalo subspecies and lives in larger herds with a mean size of 350 generally but can be up to 2,000. Sarcocystis infections have been reported from the african buffalo syncerus caffer, but the species have not been named. Thelazia rhodesii in the african buffalo, syncerus caffer, in. Rift valley fever virus rvfv causes intermittent epizootics and epidemics that result in massive losses of livestock and significant human morbidity and mortality within affected locations. A large reddishbrown or black buffalo of subsaharan africa, having massive, downward curving horns. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia factfiles for more than 16,000 endangered species. Sleepy buffalo syncerus caffer with oxpeckers by bernard dupont.
Characterization of tuberculous lesions in naturally infected. Apr 05, 2011 the objectives of this study were to identify whether lowlevel rvfv transmission is ongoing in african buffalo syncerus caffer caffer in kruger national park, south africa, to examine the variation in buffalo rvfv seroprevalence over time, and to reexamine the potential contribution of infected buffalo to local rvfv transmission during and. Publication date 20150210 usage attributionsharealike topics. Novel snp discovery in african buffalo, syncerus caffer. Comparative intradermal tuberculin testing of free ranging african buffaloes syncerus caffer captured for ex situ conservation in the kafue basin ecosystem in zambia hetron mweemba munangandu, 1 victor siamudaala, 2 wigganson matandiko, 2 andrew nambota, 3 john bwalya muma, 3 aaron simanyengwe mweene, 3 and musso munyeme 3. Status of bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus and buffalo. Evaluation of population effects of bovine tuberculosis in. Mixed theileria infections in free ranging buffalo herds. Modeling the distribution of buffalo populations in africa.
We thus used 14 autosomal and 3 ychromosomal microsatellite markers to analyse 264 buffalo samples from 19 different locations in southern. Feel free to post about any of the subespecies of african buffalo, not just the cape buffalo. An outbreak of bovine tubercu is in a freeliving syncerus. Thelazia rhodesii in the african buffalo, syncerus caffer. Jolles, innate immunity in free ranging african buffalo syncerus caffer. The african buffalo, syncerus caffer, is one of the most abundant and ecologically important species of megafauna in the savannah ecosystem. Pdf african buffalo syncerus caffer sparrman, 1779. Health of african buffalos syncerus caffer in ruaha. Impact of season on seminal characteristics and endocrine status of adult freeranging african buffalo syncerus caffer. Syncerus caffer sparrman, 1779 old web site least concern images.
Rift valley fever virus infection in african buffalo. Associations with parasite infection and white blood cell counts, physiological and biochemical zoology 85, no. An syncerus caffer in nahilalakip ha genus nga syncerus, ngan familia nga bovidae. Download 2,356 buffalo syncerus caffer wild stock photos for free or amazingly low rates. Here i use a wellstudied model system, african buffalo syncerus caffer, to investigate links between physiological stress measured as fgms for studying disease processes and immunemediated interactions between hosts in natural populations, and parasitepathogen existence. Complete genome sequence analysis of over 140 footand. This is currently the only extant living species in the genus syncerus. Osteomorphological features of the appendicular skeleton of. The buffalo were experimentally infected with fmd virus type sat2, developed generalised disease and became virus carriers. In contrast, the lack of reports describing clinical mcf in the african buffalo syncerus caffer whether free ranging or captive. Maintenance of foot and mouth disease viruses in buffalo. Introduction to the buffalo syncerus caffer buffalo in south luangwa national park, zambia.
Pdf impact of season on seminal characteristics and. Sixtyseven of the animals were positive for bovine tuberculosis tb, allowing for comparisons between tbpositive and tbnegative groups. The african buffalo or cape buffalo syncerus caffer is a large subsaharan african bovine. Such outbreaks and the presence of a freeliving maintenance host for the south african. Innate immunity in freeranging african buffalo syncerus. Abstractmammalian immunology has been studied in great detail in laboratory animals, but few of the tools and less of the insight derived from these studies have been placed in the context of natural, outbred wildlife populations subject to variable environments. During the last decade, several cases of mcf in african buffaloes were confirmed in south africa and experience with seven of these cases is.
Syncerus caffer synonyms, syncerus caffer pronunciation, syncerus caffer translation, english dictionary definition of syncerus caffer. The objectives of this study were to identify whether lowlevel rvfv transmission is ongoing in african buffalo syncerus caffer caffer in kruger national park, south africa, to examine the variation in buffalo rvfv seroprevalence over time, and to reexamine the potential contribution of infected buffalo to local rvfv transmission during and. The daily activity of buffalo syncerus caffer caffer was investigated over a 12 month period in the willem pretorius game reserve, free state, south africa, using the scan sampling method altmann. Buffalo syncerus caffer wild stock photos download 2,356. We found no evidence that bovine tuberculosis affected fertility or lactation status of female buffalo, but adult buffalo 3 years.
This longitudinal study involves one of these large bodied ungulates, the african buffalo syncerus caffer. Syncerus caffer definition of syncerus caffer by the free. African buffalo syncerus caffer extirpated on bioko island, equatorial guinea. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo diri gud kababarakan. Isolation and characterisation of bovine adenoviruses types 3, 4 and 8 from freeliving african buffaloes syncerus caffer d. Condy veterinary research laboratory, po box 8101, causeway, salisbury, zimbabwe three virus isolations were made from a group of freeliving threemonthold afriean buffalo calves. Magudu veterinary consulting room, pongola, south africa.
The daily activity of buffalo syncerus caffer caffer was investigated over a 12 month period in the willem pretorius game reserve, free state, south africa, using. Complete genome sequence analysis of over 140 footandmouth. Spaan, neville pitts, peter buss, brianna beechler, vanessa o. A summary of the other pathogens found at autopsy is given. Genetic structure of fragmented southern populations of. Here we propose a new name sarcocystis cafferi from the african buffalo. However, it is the only subspecies that occurs mainly in the. The african buffalo syncerus caffer is an important role player in the savannah ecosystem. African buffalo syncerus caffer literature sources. The distribution and character of the lesions are described, and the differences between them and those found in the domestic bovine are discussed. Noninvasive measures of stress response in african buffalo. The study titled status of bushbuck tragelaphus scriptus and buffalo syncerus caffer in the north and south eastern parts of the kimbifungom national park kfnp of the north west region of cameroon was carried out in the rainy season from 1st may to 31st july 2015. Jolles department of integrative biology, oregon state university, 3029 cordley hall, corvallis, or 97331, usa jms, aej.
Mixed theileria infections in freeranging buffalo herds. Graduate thesis or dissertation stress physiology in. Bovine tuberculosis was detected in 23%, and exposure to brucella abortus and rift valley fever virus in 18% and 8%, respectively, of buffalos tested. Management and reproduction of the african savanna buffalo syncerus caffer caffer by walter ralph hildebrandt thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree master of sciences in animal science at the university of stellenbosch supervisor. It is an important prey species, as well as a host for a vast array of nematodes, pathogens and infectious diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis and corridor disease. Within the tribe bovini in the subfamily bovinae, the water buffalo bubalus bubalis, american bison bison bison, european bison bubalus bonasus and yak bos grunniens are recognized as species highly susceptible to malignant catarrhal fever mcf. In contrast, the lack of reports describing clinical mcf in the african buffalo syncerus caffer whether free ranging or captive has led to a perception that african buffaloes are resistant to mcf. Four female cattle and three male african buffalo syncerus caffer which were free of footandmouth disease fmd virus were held together on an island in lake kariba, zimbabwe. The increased demand for ecotourism and conservation of the african buffalo on private owned game ranches has prompted the zambian wildlife authority zawa and private sector. An syncerus caffer in uska species han mammalia nga syahan ginhulagway ni anders sparrman hadton 1779. Pdf the chemical composition of milk from freeranging. Description and characteristics the african buffalo is africas only wild cow and is the same species domestic cattle.
Introduction during the 1990s oesophagealpharyngeal scrapings were collected from freeliving african buffalo in multiple herds in six. Syncerus caffer aequinoctialis are also found in the sahelian savannah. Transmission of a plaquepurified sat2 footandmouth disease virus fmdv occurred erratically from artificially infected african buffaloes in captivity to susceptible buffaloes and cattle in the same enclosure. Translocation procedures have been used as an alternative approach for species conservation. Circumstantial evidence indicates that buffalo syncerus caffer sparrman, 1779 populations in southern africa are the major source of foot and mouth disease fmd viruses which periodically infect domestic livestock principally cattle 7. Figure 1 map of the ngorongoro conservation area, tanzania, showing the sites where african buffalo syncerus caffer were sampled for gammainterferon assay and the villages where single intradermal comparative tuberculin testing was conducted in indigenous cattle as previously reported by katale et al. An outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a freeliving buffalo syncerus caffersparrman popula tion in the kruger national park.
The animals tested positive with the comparative intradermal tuberculin test and were euthanized during a testandcull operation to decrease prevalence of bovine tuberculosis btb in the park. Isolation and characterisation of bovine adenoviruses types 3. Syncerus caffer definition of syncerus caffer by the. It is related to the cape buffalo syncerus caffer caffer, the sudan buffalo syncerus caffer brachyceros and the nile buffalo syncerus caffer aequinoctialis. We examined data from 3,743 buffalo syncerus caffer culled between 1991 and 1998 in kruger national park, south africa, to evaluate effects of bovine tuberculosis on the buffalo population and examine risk factors of bovine tuberculosis. African buffalo are formidable animals on account of their large size, large herds, and large horns. Specifically, they prefer rainforest clearings and open forest. Wildscreens arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth. Tuberculosis in the free living african cape buffalo.
However, the veterinary aspects of this sort of procedures are extremely. Milk was obtained from five african buffalo syncerus caffer cows located in the pilanesberg nature reserve and the phalaborwa district, south africa. Management and reproduction of the african savanna buffalo. We investigated patterns of innate immunity in freeranging african buffalo in relation to host traits age, reproductive. The southern african cape buffalo syncerus caffer caffer sparrman 1779 was chosen as a model to study the impact of population fragmentation on the genetic diversity of large mammals in southern africa.
Molecular detection of bartonella species and haemoplasmas in. The red or dwarf buffalo, also known as the forest buffalo syncerus caffer nanus, is the smallest subspecies of western and central africa, utilizing the equatorial rain forests. They are referred to as buffalo, cape buffalo, forest buffalo, and savannah buffalo. Apr 01, 2009 milk was obtained from five african buffalo syncerus caffer cows located in the pilanesberg nature reserve and the phalaborwa district, south africa. Research article open access genetic structure of fragmented. The chemical composition of milk from freeranging african. Reply like nightwatchmen they patrol the dark nights. The african forest buffalo syncerus caffer nanus, also known as the dwarf buffalo and the congo buffalo, is the smallest subspecies of the african buffalo. The chemical composition of milk from freeranging african buffalo syncerus caffer article pdf available in african journal of wildlife research 39apr 2009. The species can be partitioned into the nominate caffer division including also aequinoctialis and the nanus division including also brachyceros.
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